cis-acting element for regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and chromosome dynamics, but also a type of fixed and specific DNA marker on the eukaryotic chromosomes. MAR library can be constructed by in vitro or in vivo association of DNA fragments with the nuclear matrix. In vitro MARs can be used in construction of chromosome's physical map, and in vivo MARs can be applied in studying the expression, regulation and chromosomal organization of known genes, and analyzing the newly discovered genes.]]> ZHOU Cong-Zhao,QIAN Xin-Guo and LI Zhen-Gang 65true HUANG Shi-He 64true H19 gene, XIST gene, XLSIRT gene, His-1 gene, bic gene, rox1 and rox2 genes. Non-coding mRNA play important roles in the development of embryos, in the inactivation of X chromosome and in the tumorigenesis.]]> LUO Wen-qin,YUAN Jian-gang and QIANG Bo-qin 63true TIAN Chai,LU Yi-fan,DENG Ji-xian and LIU Guang-tian 62true WANG Liang-hua and JIAO Bing-hua 61true LI Biao and LI Xiao-mei 60true FAN Guo-chang,ZHANG Zhong-lin,QIAN Kai-xian and SHEN Gui-fang 59true HUA Ping and GE Zhong-liang 58true SHI Tong-dong,WU Yu-zhang and ZHU Xi-hua 57true neu gene is known to encode a PTK-activity-bearing phosphoprotein which is one of the homologous proteins of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Amplification and (or) overexpression of neu gene have been found in various human cancers recently. Some protein factors and chemical agents can suppress neu gene transcription or reduce the PTK activity of p185^neu, resulting in the inhibition of metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells with neu overexpression.]]> GONG Hai-biao,ZHANG Wei-jie and XU Jin-lin 56true 1) is a nuclear factor whose production and DNA binding activity is induced by hypoxia in a variety of cell types, which is composed of two different subunits: 120 ku HIF_1α and 91～94 ku HIF_1β. HIF₁, as a hypoxia inducible transcription factor, promotes the expression of erythropoietin gene and glycolytic enzymes gene etc. in response to hypoxia which maintain the oxygen homeostasis.]]> ZHANG Ji-feng,CHEN Guang-hui and TANG Jian 55true DU Qing-you and WANG Hui-xin 54true 曾宗浩 53true 许正平,李伯良 52true 钟叔平 51true YANG Nuo,ZHANG Lin and SHEN Li 50true DU Guang-Wei,ZHOU Yan,YUAN Jian-Gang and QIANG Bo-Qin 49true CAI Li-Quan and DUAN En-Kui 48true LIU Shen-Ji and CHEN Song-Sen 47true HU Jia-Fen,SUI Nan,KUANG Pei-Zi and GUAN Lin-Chu 46true HUA Qian 45true WAN Qian,ZHANG Chao-Liang and ZHAI Chao-Yang 44true ZHOU Li-Mei and WANG Jia-Xi 43true ZHU Li,ZHANG Chun-Yi and FAN Yun-Liu 42true Pitx2 is asymmetrically expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm and derived organs such as heart and gut during chick, mouse and Xenopus development. Pitx2 appears to be downstream effector of Shh and Nodal. Misexpression of Pitx2 is sufficient to produce reversed organs of body rotation. Defect of Pitx2 in human may cause Rieger syndrome. Pitx2 seems to be a key conserved signalling molecules that mediates left-right asymmetry in vertebrate.]]> LIU Ji-Long and TAN Yan 41true FAN Pei-Chang 40true LIANG Xu-Fang 39true PEI Dong-Sheng and ZHAO Hui-Ren 38true LIU Yang and HE Rong-Qiao 37true MING Zhen-Huan 36true XIAO Quan 35true CHEN Yan 34true LI Jin-Song,ZHUANG Da-Zhong,SUN Qing-Yuan and CHEN Da-Yuan 33true ZHANG Wei,HUA Qian,ZHANG Dai and HE Rong-Qiao 32true 3、GK domains,respectively. MAGUKs construct the cytoskeleton, take part in the signal transduction and modulate the cell cycle process,as well as the neural development. The characters of MAGUKs'structure ,their functions and some members of the family were explicated.]]> ZHU Ke-Yi,WAN Yong-Qi and XIE Wei 31true Nie Chun-Lai 30true LAI Qiu-An,HU Jian-Jun and SUN Jiu-Rong 29true Halobacterium salinarium, which functions as proton pump, charge separation and photochromism. The chromophore retinal is covalently attached to Lys 216 via a protonated Schiff base. Upon illumination, the all-trans to 13-cis isomerization of the retinal results in deprotonation of the Schiff base followed by alterations in protonatable groups within bacteriorhodopsin. The changed force field induces changes, even in the tertiary structure, which facilitate and warrant the vectorial proton translocation.]]> WANG Li-Ping,LI Bao-Fang and JIANG Long 28true YAN Wing-Yi and HUA Qian 27true MING Zhen-Huan and ZHONG Li-Ren 26true nogo is a recently discovered gene. It mainly encodes three proteins: Nogo-A, Nogo-B and Nogo-C. To date, it has been proved to be associated with axonal outgrowth inhibition in mature central nervous system(CNS) and apoptosis-inducing. Nogo receptor is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchored protein. To investigate the Nogo and Nogo receptor is important for understanding of neurite outgrowth inhibition following CNS injury and cancer.]]> WU Lan-Xiang,SUN Chang-Kai and FAN Ming 25true MING Zhen-Huan,PAN Jian-Wei and ZHU Mu-Yuan 24true WU Jing,PENG Xiao-Zhong,YUAN Jian-Gang and QIANG Bo-Qin 23true rsk is the best known target of MAPK, which mediates multiple functions of MAPK during oocyte meiotic maturation, including the resumption of meiosis, the MⅠ/MⅡ transition and the sustain of MⅡ arrest. The phosphorylation of p90^rsk is the result of MAPK activation, and the dephosphorylation of p90^rsk is following the inactivation of MAPK at the end of meiosis. The progress of p90^rsk in oocytes is introduced.]]> FAN Heng-Yu,TONG Chao and SUN Qing-Yuan 22true MIN Ling and ZHOU Ke-Yuan 21true zenk, c-fos and c-jun, are corresponding to where the neurons are related, as a songbird is stimulated, suggesting that IEG plays an important role in vocal learning and memory.]]> ZHAO Jing and LI Dong-Feng 20true YU Cui-Juan,MENG Yan-Ling,WANG Cheng-Ji and YANG An-Gang 19true cis-acting elements of genes can act to provide sharply defined patterns. Simultaneously, it is accepted as an important mechanism that both activation and repression of transcription factors are closely related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis.]]> XU Ya-Jie 18true WAN Yong-Qi,ZHU Ke-Yi,WANG Shan-Zhi and XIE Wei 17true 2α₂ pattern. These ANK repeats form a compact domain stabilized through hydrogen-bonding interaction and hydrophobic stacking. Massive of structurally similar but functionally diverse proteins containing ANK repeats can be formed by virtue of assembly of the tandem array motifs. The central role of ANK repeat is to mediate protein-protein interaction, so that proteins can make sophisticated functions by interacting with a variety of ligands. This review focuses on structure, function and related diseases of the ANK repeats and their complexes from several members of the ANK family.]]> DU Hai-Ning and HU Hong-Yu 16true Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has 3′ exoribonuclease activity in vitro. The exosome contains ten core subunits, and all except Csl4p/Ski4p are 3′ exoribonucleases in vitro. The exosome acts important role in several pathways of RNA metabolism. The exosome is a universal complex in eukaryote and is related to expression of eukaryotic genes.]]> WANG Shu-Qi and WANG Jin-Fa 15true Neuronatin(Nnat) is a recently cloned brain-specific gene that is selectively expressed during brain development. Human Nnat gene spans 3 973 bases and contains three exons and two introns. Nnat mRNA has two different splice isoforms, α and β, the former encoding a protein of 81 amino acids and the latter 54 amino acids. These two isoforms share the same open reading frame, but the α-form contained an additional 81 bp sequence inserted in the middle of the coding region. The human Nnat is a single copy gene located at chromosome 20q11.2～12, while the rat gene is located on the distal region of chromosome 2, 2H1. Nnat is an imprinted gene and expressed from the paternal allele, while the maternal allele is methylated and silenced. As Nnat is highly expressed in the central nervous system from mid-gestation through early postnatal development and down-regulated in adulthood and senescence, Nnat may be involved in brain development and differentiation. The expression is also detected in the adult brain stem, suggesting roles in neuroplasticity. The deduced protein sequence contains a hydrophobic N-terminal and a hydrophilic C-terminal, and appears to code for a transmembrane protein. The biological function of Nnat remains to be elucidated.]]> YU Li-Hong,ZHOU Ren-Ping and ZHANG Cheng-Gang 14true LI Ming-Zhen,ZHANG Ming and MING Zhen-Huan 13true LIU Jun,SHI Lin-Lin,YANG Hong and MA Tong-Hui 12true in vivo is a key link in the muscle regeneration processes. And their replenishment is necessary to keep the capacity of skeletal muscle to regenerate after recurrence of muscle damage. Cellular and molecular regulation of activation and replenishment for satellite cells issues were reviewed. Hoping through the points of nitric oxide-hepatocyte growth factor (NO-HGF), myostatin and Notch signaling and the niche of satellite cells to overcome the recent obstruction in cell therapy in clinic myopathy, such as Duchenne muscle destrophy.]]> 2006/9/15 0:00:00 PAN Ling-Mei,WANG Tian and SHI Fang-Xiong 11true 2006/9/15 0:00:00 LI Yu-Zhen 10true 2007/5/11 0:00:00 ZHAO Song-Min,SHI Zhen-Hua,DUAN Xiang-Lin and CHANG Yan-Zhong 9true 2007/4/10 0:00:00 WANG Lu,JI Zhi-Hong,CHEN Dong-Dong,WANG Hong-Xia and ZOU Wei 8true A), highly expressing in hippocampal dendrites, has characteristics of rapid activation and inactivation following appropriate voltage depolarization. I_A is the predominant outward potassium current at the subthreshold range of the action potential and during early phase of repolarization. IA current plays an important role in modulating synaptic input and affecting action potential back-propagation by reducing the speed of depolarization and delaying the action-potential initiation, suggesting its important roles in regulating the electric signal integration and synaptic plasticity. I_A currents have been associated with many diseases, such as seizure.]]> 2007/3/16 0:00:00 GONG Bo,HUANG Mei-Yan,MA Yi-Cai and QI Zhi 7true 2007/2/12 0:00:00 Li Pei-Wang,LU Xiang-Yang,LI Chang-Zhu and Tian Yun 6true 2007/9/11 0:00:00 ZHENG Yu-Shu,ZHAO Pu and LIU Xing-You 5true S. cerevisiae. The latest results in this field are going to change the landscape of eukaryotic tRNA biology.]]> 2008/12/9 0:00:00 LI Sheng and ZHANG Jia-Ning 4true 2010/8/3 0:00:00 GUO Xiao-Qiang 3true 2009/12/28 0:00:00 WU Wen-Shuang,ZHENG Xin,DUAN Xiang-Lin and CHANG Yan-Zhong 2true 2010/8/3 0:00:00 XIE Min,CHEN Qi-Cai and LIAO Xiao-Mei 1true