In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has become a hot spot in the field of cancer treatment. Among them, nanovaccines combining tumor vaccines and nanotechnology provide new ideas for tumor immunotherapy. Nanovaccine can realize the co-loading of vaccine and adjuvant. The intelligent nanocarriers further realize the effective targeted delivery of antigen, promote the uptake and presentation of antigen, specifically activate antigen-specific immune response and effectively kill tumor cells. This article reviews the principles, advantages, types of nano materials, and clinical efficacy of nanovaccine to provide a more reliable reference for the design of nano-vaccine in the later stage.