As a common type of malignant tumor diseases, hematological malignancies mainly include various types of leukemia, multiple myeloma and malignant lymphoma. With the rapid development of modern society, the incidence rate of hematological malignancies is increasing year by year, and the age of disease onset gradually tend to a younger age. The pathogenesis of hematological malignancies is inseparable from environmental factors and genetic factors. Recent studies have found that epigenetic modification plays an important role in the development of hematological tumors and some epigenetic related genes have made important progress in clinical application as therapeutic targets for hematological tumors. In view of the advances progress of the research that focus on the role of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, this paper will systematically review the research progress of DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA and RNA modification in the pathogenesis of hematological tumors.