The oocyte cytoplasmic maturity is important for the oocyte development competence. However, at present, there is still lack of a noninvasive, objective and efficient method to evaluate oocyte cytoplasmic maturity. It is known that the low ooplasm maturity is the main reason that causes the reduced development ability of in-vitro matured oocytes than the in-vivo oocytes. Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) has the characteristics of noninvasive, label-free, three-dimension and?high-resolution. FF-OCT captured the images of in-vivo and in-vitro matured mouse oocytes. After comparing those FF-OCT images, it was found that the oocytes with the large-area high-brightness cortex and even?cytoplasm may present the higher cytoplasmic maturity. To verify this, the in-vitro fertilization rates of in-vitro matured oocytes which were screened by microscope observation and FF-OCT were compared, and it was found that the in-vitro fertilization rate in the microscope-observation group was much lower than that of in-vivo matured oocytes, the rate in the FF-OCT group had no significant difference from the rate of in-vivo matured oocytes. This indicated that the development ability of in-vitro matured oocytes screened by FF-OCT was close to that of in-vivo matured oocytes. Additionally, FF-OCT successfully observed the morphological differences between the fresh and aging oocytes, namely, the aging oocytes showed the worse cytoplasmic uniformity and smaller area of high-brightness cortex. Thus, FF-OCT can be used for noninvasive assessment of oocyte cytoplasmic quality, and the large-area high-brightness cortex existence and cytoplasmic gray distribution uniformity can be the effective indexes to evaluate the oocyte cytoplasmic maturity.