Objective With the rapid development of the bio-industry, more and more biological enterprises, mainly biomedical enterprises, have emerged. How to promote the output efficiency of biological enterprises is the most concern of the government and enterprises themselves.Methods This paper constructs a DEA model to evaluate the input-output efficiency of 370 listed companies in China’s biological industry.Results The research results show that the average comprehensive technical efficiency of listed companies in China"s biological industry is 0.596, and there is still much room for improvement.Conclusion The main factor restricting the overall technical efficiency of listed companies in China’s biological industry is pure technical efficiency. Large-scale listed biological companies should optimize investment and reduce redundancy, while smaller-scale listed biological companies need to expand their scale.