A kind of nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity, named as nanozymes, have attracted the attention of researchers. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes exhibit the advantages of simple production, low cost and good stability. As a new class of porous coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess many attractive properties, such as structural diversity, pore size tailorability, high specific surface area, and controllable porosity. MOFs-based nanozymes are attracting growing attention because of protection of the ordered framework and the adjustable structure. In this review, we summarize the construction of different types of MOFs-based nanozymes, including pristine MOFs, MOFs with modification, MOF-based composites, and MOF derivatives. Then, the typical applications of MOF-based nanozymes in the detection of various analytes are reviewed. We also summarized and compared the characteristic of MOFs-based nanozymes in different construction types. Finally, the current challenges and future developments of MOFs-based nanozyme are also discussed.