北京体育大学心理学院,北京 100084
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(20YJC890049),中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2019QD012)
School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
This work was supported by grants from Youth Foundation of Humanity and Social Science of Ministry of Education of China (20YJC890049) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2019QD012).
在运动过程中,时距知觉的能力非常重要,能帮助个体对时长进行判断及对事件的发生做出预测和准备.近年来,越来越多的研究发现运动本身会直接影响个体的时距知觉.本文分别从运动参数、运动阶段、视觉运动刺激和运动有关的个体因素四个方面梳理了运动对时距知觉产生影响的行为学证据.目前已经有大量研究从不同角度证明,大脑运动系统组成了支持主观时间知觉的神经网络,并且编码和参与了人类的时距知觉.运动作用于时距知觉的理论机制可以基于内部时钟模型的理论框架并进而从感觉运动信息的交互、运动对唤醒状态的改变及具身认知理论三个角度予以解释.未来研究需要关注运动对不同单位级别时距知觉的影响,测评运动状态下时距知觉的研究范式及技术手段等多个方面进行思考和推进,从而更好地揭示运动如何调节时距知觉过程及其作用机制.还应该结合竞技运动项目特点,为减少运动中时距知觉误差和提高运动员时距知觉能力提供帮助与指导.
Duration perception is important during movement, as it can help people judge the duration of events and make better predictions and preparations. In recent years, a growing number of studies have found that duration distortion in movement is influenced by motion itself. The current paper summarized the behavioral evidence of the effects of movement on duration perception from four aspects, including movement parameters, movement stages, visual motion stimuli and motion-related individual factors. Currently, extensive research has proven that motor brain structures may serve as the core neural network of subjective temporal perception. The motor system both encodes and is involved in duration perception. The theory of how movement influences duration perception can be based on the framework of the internal clock model and can be further explained by sensorimotor interference, arousal induced by the action or embodied cognition. Future research needs to consider the effects of movement on duration perception on different time scales, as well as the study paradigms and technical approaches during movement, which can better reveal how movement regulates duration perception and the internal neural mechanism. Further, according to the features of different competitive sports, future research should provide help and guidance on reducing duration perception errors in sports and enhancing the duration perception abilities of athletes.
郑玮琦,张亦晨,马佳欣,赵晗,任子媛,张禹.运动对时距知觉的影响及其神经机制[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2021,48(7):758-767
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