Learning and memory are important works of brain. Formation of memory involves a series of molecular and cellular changes which including gene transcription, de novo protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity alterations. The studies discussed here strongly indicate that various epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification and RNA modification, play an integral role in learning and memory, and has garnered the attention of researchers in the past decade. In this Review, we examine the involvement of different epigenetic regulators involved in memory and learning functions and provide a theoretical basis for future research.