Cell-bacterial interactions refer to the process in which bacterium or bacterial metabolites act on the host cells, causing cellular and bacterial changes in morphology and functions. Cell-bacterial interactions researches are of vital significance to life sciences fields, such as drug development, disease diagnosis, and medical therapy. Recently, the detection and analysis of cell-bacterial interactions have developed rapidly. Cellular and bacterial morphology, activity, barrier function, and metabolites are the important clues to detect cell-bacterial interactions, which are essential to reveal deeper inflammatory disease mechanisms. Because of the controlled environment, good biocompatibility, multi-detection, and miniaturization, microfluidic analysis technology is developing into a powerful tool of cell-bacterial interaction research. In this review, we first introduce cell-bacterial analysis methods and technologies based on the microfluidic chip analysis briefly. Then the cell-bacterial interactions models based on the microfluidic chip are discussed, and later focusing on cell-bacterial interactions detection by microfluidic analysis technology, especially on the application of optical and electrochemical methods integrated with microfluidic chips. Microfluidic optical analysis system combines the chip with different microscopes, which is widely used for cellular and bacterial morphology imaging, and providing more details about metabolites with spectrometry during cell-bacterial interactions. Microfluidic electrochemical analysis system usually assemble directly microelectrodes on the chip, and its main advantage is monitoring dynamically cell-bacterial interaction through changes in electrical signals. By integrating microfluidics technologies and various detecting modules, microfluidic analysis technology has become an advantageous platform for cell-bacterial interactions analysis. Finally, the challenges and future development for microfluidic photoelectric detection technology in cell-bacterial interactions are discussed and prospected.