Molecular imprinted technology has been applied to identify template molecules by using molecular imprinted polymers to simulate the interaction between enzymes and substrates or antibody and antigens. In recent years, to meet the needs of efficient microbial detection, bacteria, cells and other microbial imprinted technologies has been gradually derived from molecular imprinted technology, which was of the advantages of selective capture, effective separation and enrichment of targets, and easy to integrate sensing detection technology and so on. In this review, the latest advances of bacteria imprinted technology were introduced and summarized, including imprinting materials, imprinting mechanisms, detecting techniques and their typical applications. Firstly, the principle of bacteria imprinting was introduced. The materials of surface imprinting and the preparation methods of direct imprinting, indirect imprinting and electropolymerization were summarized. The applications and progress of bacteria imprinted sensing monitoring based on different analytical methods, such as fluorescence, electrochemistry, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and so no, were discussed in details. Especially, the analytical methodology based on microfluidic chip integrated with bacteria molecular imprinting was presented. Finally, the existing challenges of related fields and developing trends were put forward. It was illustrated that the imprinting technologies for bacteria, cells and other microbial could be widely adopted in the fields of biochemical separation and analysis because of its stability of material structure and specificity of target identification.