Because of its advantages of high sensitivity, simple method and easy operation, colorimetric biosensing technology has been widely used in many fields such as the detection of pollutants in the biological environment, the detection of important markers in the organism and cancer screening. The colorimetric biosensor based on nanozymes mainly uses the catalytic ability of nanozymes to simulate peroxidase-like activities, oxidize the chromogenic agent to form a colored solution, so as to realize visual detection, and obtain the content of related substances through the detection of its absorbance. Compared with colorimetric biosensors without nanozymes, colorimetric biosensors based on nanozymes have the advantages of higher selectivity, faster detection and higher sensitivity. Nanozymes, on the other hand, are more and more widely studied for their natural enzyme activity while also having the advantages of low cost, good stability, and easy synthesis. At present, colorimetric biosensors based on nanozymes have become an important method to assist related medical detection, and are also widely used in portable and real-time related detection, providing important support and guarantee for medical detection. In order to improve the sensitivity and application range of colorimetric biosensors, researchers are also working on increasing the variety of substances to be detected and diversifying the types of nanozymes. This paper mainly introduces the detection principle of nanozyme-based colorimetric biosensors, several typical used nanozymes, and the application and research progress of nanozyme-based colorimetric biosensors in the field of biomedical detection.