RNA干涉(RNA interference,RNAi)是生物体内的一种通过双链RNA(dsRNA)来抵抗病毒入侵和抑制转座子活动的自然机制.双链RNA与同源mRNA互补结合而使特定基因失活,这一过程已经在包括拟南芥、线虫和真菌等多种模式生物中得到揭示.近来研究表明,21~25 nt的小干涉RNA(small interference RNA, siRNA)可介导哺乳动物细胞特异性基因沉默.RNAi具有高效性和高度特异性,可能成为关闭基因的新技术而在基因功能研究和疾病基因治疗中发挥重要作用.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism in organisms in resistance to virus invasion and inhibition of transposon mobility by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). dsRNA can match with homologous mRNA by base paring to make specific gene inactivation. RNAi was observed in many model organisms, such as Arabidopsis, C.elegans and fungi. Latest study shows that 21~25 nt small interference RNA (siRNA) can mediate specific gene silencing in mammal cells. Being effective and highly specific, RNAi probably becomes a novel technique in knocking gene down and plays important roles in gene function study and gene therapy of diseases.
孙建国,廖荣霞,陈正堂. RNA干涉分子机制研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2002,29(5):678-681
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