Blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a very powerful procedure that can be used to analyze the components of chloroplast protein complexes. The two photosystems, the ATP synthase, the cytochrome complex b₆f complex, the light-harvesting complexes and the RubisCO are well resolved. Analysis of chloroplast protein on a second gel dimension allows seperation of more than 50 different proteins which are part of multi-subunit enzymes. Western blotting analysis was also used to confirm the identity of the complex. The method has been used to analyze protein complexes of grana and stromal thylakoid.