Botulinum neurotoxin(BoNT) is the most lethal biotoxin known to mankind. It inhibits acetylcholine release from the cholinergic nerve ending by cleavage of SNARE proteins, followed by neuromuscular blockade and paralysis. Gangliosides are considered to act as a first receptor of BoNT with low affinity.Then the membrane bound gangliosides-BoNT complex moves laterally to reach and bind the toxin specific protein receptor, synaptotagmin, with a high affinity constant. At last the gangliosides-BoNT-synaptotagmin complex undergoes receptor-mediated endocytosis. This double-receptors theory is widely accepted. The research data are summarized and reviewed.