Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a polygenetic inheritance tumor. It has very high incidence in southern China and among immigrants and their offspring from south Chinese, and has done a great harm to the health of south Chinese. As a malignant tumor with obvious tendency of familial aggregation and regional difference, it is suggested that the etiology and pathogenesis of NPC are relevant to the coeffects of genetic and environmental factors. It is the main point to focus on the elucidating of the pathogenesis of PNC as a polygenetic inheritance tumor, primarily establishing of the concept of susceptibility gene groups in NPC and the carcinogenesis model of the multi-step Domino effect involved in the molecular mechanisms of NPC dominated by susceptibility gene groups in order to lay out a substantial foundation for finding the high-risk susceptibility factors of NPC, screening the high-risk population of NPC and exploring the targetic and individual measures in diagnosis and treatment of NPC.