The basic properties and mechanisms of human hearing are similar to the mammals, therefore, the hearing researches performed on and the results obtained from the animals are very helpful to elucidate mechanisms of auditory processing of human. It was discusses briefly the studies and finding on the sound signal recognition and processing in central auditory neurons. Recognition of sound signal and pattern plays an important role in sound signal perception and processing of auditory center. The auditory neurons, as the base of sound signal and pattern recognition, can generate different responses to different sound patterns, even to fine sound parameters change of the same sound pattern. However, mechanism underlying sound signal recognition of auditory neurons is still not completely clear up to now. On the other hand, sound signal is the carrier of sound information, and different information may be carried by different sound components or parameters of sound signal. The previous studies have demonstrated that central auditory neurons have abilities to encode and discriminate the sound information embedded in different sound signals. Therefore, they can generate responses to sound frequency, amplitude, and duration in changing and encode these sound parameters. These similar results obtained from animals of different species also implied that auditory centers of the animals have intercommunity and universality in recognition, analyzing, and processing of sound signal.