The mechanism of the organism to repair DNA damage has been studied in reasonable detail. In contrast, the agents of damage to DNA also cause RNA damage have not been widely recognized. This is mainly due to aberrant RNAs are generally assumed to be degraded rather than repaired. With the discovery of RNA repair systems, the RNA damage of the organism may preferentially be repaired. Based on the latest findings, the phage-type RNA repair system, bacterial-type RNA repair system, yeast-type RNA repair system and human RNA damage repair system are reviewed and discussed in this paper.