植物基因组学国家重点实验室,植物基因组学国家重点实验室
转基因重大专项(2015ZX08010-002)和第55批博士后基金(2014M550874)资助项目
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
This work was supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(2015ZX08010-002) and the 55th Post-Doctoral Fellowship(2014M550874)
转座元件是指在基因组中能够移动、复制并重新整合到基因组新位点的DNA片段.转座元件一度被视为基因组内的“垃圾”或“自私DNA”,长期以来,转座元件的研究主要集中于阐释转座元件在宿主中的复制或表观沉默机制,而转座元件的调控功能并未得到全面探讨.已有研究表明,转座元件的比例与物种基因组大小存在正相关性,从而为C值悖论的解释提供了依据.近年来,越来越多的证据表明转座元件可以作为宿主基因组的“控制元件”发挥重要的调控作用.在作物中研究发现,转座元件既可以通过顺式或反式作用方式调控基因表达,也可以诱导表观等位基因的产生,从而促使固着生长的植物更好地适应外界环境的变化.本文拟就高等植物转座元件的作用及其对未来作物育种的意义进行总结.
Transposable element (TE) is a fragment of DNA sequences that can move and integrate into new sites to proliferate itself in the host genome. Based on this proliferation, TEs have been considered as "junk" or "selfish DNA". Most research has focused on investigating mechanisms of TE amplificationor silencing whereas the regulatory function of TEs has not been completely unraveled. Previous studies have suggested a positive correlation between genome size and TE content, which provides a basis for the interpretation of the C-value paradox. Emerging studies on the regulatory functions of TEs in the host genome have updated the concept of TEs as junk DNA. In plants, especially in crops, these studies have demonstrated that TEs can reshape the transcription of adjacent genes in cis or trans, consistent with the first characterization of TEs as "controlling elements". TEs can also create epialleles, which confer stress-inducible gene expression that can increase the sessile plant's environmental fitness. In this review, we summarize recent progress on functional studies of TEs andtheir significance for crop breeding in the future.
崔勰奎,曹晓风.综述: 高等植物转座元件功能研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2015,42(11):1033-1046
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