Change is the soul of biomarker. Early changes in vivo are subject to be removed from blood because of homeostasis mechanisms of the body. Without homeostasis mechanisms, urine can accommodate more changes and therefore is an excellent source of biomarkers. Especially in the early stage of disease occurrence, the new biomarkers are more likely to be found in the urine. In biomarker studies, the effects of the therapeutic drugs must be taken into account. Various confounding factors can be effectively circumvented interference on urinary biomarker studies based on urine biomarker roadmap research. A novel membrane storage technique enables large-scale urine sample collection and storage economically and efficiently. Biomarkers discovery of kidney diseases are introduced and discussed also here. It can be expected that urine biomarker studies will greatly promote the development of medical technology such as human disease diagnosis, prevention, treatment or prognosis.