Enzyme responsive peptide hydrogel has been an emerging hot issue in the field of material. It can be used for the release of controlled release drug, and it has antibacterial and anti-tumor effect. In this paper, enzyme responsive hydrogel systems of peptides developed at home and abroad in recent years were summarized. Several enzymes that catalyze the material’s response were introduced emphatically, including transglutaminase, kinase, phosphatase, lysyl oxidase (plasma amine oxidase), protease, esterase, β-lactamase and matrix metalloproteinase. Under their catalysis, the macroscopic structure of the hydrogel changes, such as the formation, destruction or dynamic translation of the hydrogel; furthermore, their catalyzing mechanisms were summarized. In addition, the applications of enzyme responsive peptide hydrogel were introduced. It had broad prospects for development, which was one of the developing directions of intelligent response materials in the future.