Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common urologic diseases. Currently, urinary cytology and urinary cystoscopy are the main clinical diagnostic approaches to BC. However, the sensitivity of urinary cytology test is poor and cystoscopy is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure. Meanwhile, patients with BC are plagued by frequent recurrences, making BC one of the most expensive malignancies to monitor. There is an urgent need for a comfortable and accurate examination method. As urine storage is the main physiological function of the bladder, urine can be exposed to the tumor entity and some of the proteins secreted by tumor are most likely to enter urine. In addition, its sampling is truly non-invasive and most patients are willing to provide urine samples. The development of proteomics technology, especially the rapid development of urine proteomics, can enable us to study urinary bladder cancer easily. This paper summarizes the main technical approaches to urine proteomics researches on BC, and focuses on its application to clinical diagnosis and treatment in order to contribute to the development of urinary bladder proteomics.