Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation program. Abnormalities in autophagy are directly linked to human ailments. In the cardiovascular system, autophagy is essential for maintaining normal contraction and conduction at low basal levels under physiological conditions. Meanwhile, under pathological conditions, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure, autophagy is enhanced. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNA plays a crucial role in autophagy in the cardiovascular system, including cardiac development, maintenance of normal physiological functions, and in different cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between microRNAs and the related autophagic regulation in CVDs. It is expected to provide a new direction for the diagnosis and therapy of CVDs.