Variations in human vital sign will lead to changes of blood composition and quality. As for a basic screening project to assess human health, blood analysis has been extensively applied to health monitoring, disease diagnosis and rehabilitation evaluation. With the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of national living standards, human’s awareness of life and health is increasingly enhanced, which greatly promotes the evolution of sample, fast and sensitive disease screening technology. At present, developing the rapid blood analysis device has become a hot spot in the medical field for disease screening. There are many kinds of existing studies, but the whole blood analysis has not been systematically sorted and classified. This study systematically reviews the main development research and the latest progress of whole blood analysis. Starting from two aspects of whole blood analysis, direct whole blood analysis and indirect whole blood analysis, the current equipment methods and applications has been clarified based on direct whole blood analysis, the core processing technology and detection technology has been concluded based on indirect whole blood analysis. Finally, the problems of non-portability, low efficiency and high price for the whole blood analysis device at the present stage has been discussed, and the prospect of whole blood analysis in the direction of integration, intellectualization and low-cost has been summarized and prospected, which provided new ideas for the future research direction of rapid blood analysis.