Interleukin 6 is a multiple function cytokine, playing an important role in modulating immune response, hematopoeisis, acute phase reaction and so on. On the other hand, over-expression of IL-6 relates to the pathogenesis and development of many kinds of diseases. IL-6 exerts its effect on the target cell through a two-chain receptor system, one is the ligand-binding chain (IL-6R) and the other is the signal transducer gp130. IL-6, IL-6R and gp130 interact through a heterohaxmer module, sequentially triggers the signal transduction within the cell. There exist two signal transduction pathways: Jak-STATs pathway and Ras-MAPK cascade pathway. Any factor that can block or interfere with the signal transduction of IL-6 will be a considerable strategy in treatment for IL-6 related diseases. These strategies include growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, antagonists, antisense gene and so on. The study on the pharmaceutical design and selection targeting to signal transduction of IL-6 will promote the treatment for IL-6-related diseases. The two-chain receptor system of IL-6 and its signal transduction have been reviewed, and the strategies in treatment for IL-6-related diseases have been elucidated.