Caveolins are a family of plasmalemmal vesicles caveolae-associated integral membrane proteins and a marker protein of caveolae involved in the formation and localization that associated with vesicular transport, cellular cholesterol homeostasis and signal transduction. Recent years, strong experimental evidences indicated that caveolins play a pivotal role in the brain function such as neural development, synaptic plasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent progress on studies of the structure and functions of caveolins was simply summarized. The regulatory role of caveolins in the brain functions has been reviewed and expected.