To explore the functional role of TRAIL on the proliferation，apoptosis of mouse decidual stromal cells (DSC) artificially induced in vitro, a TRAIL gene expressing eukaryotic vector and a short interfering RNA(siRNA) expressing vector were constructed. 72h after transfecting with each vector, semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (semi-qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression levels of TRAIL mRNA and protein, respectively in DSC. Besides, MTT assay was performed to investigate the cell growth activity and proliferation capacity, and flow cytometry was used to examine cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate of DSC. Restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing of nucleotide acid confirmed the correct construction of both over-expression and interfering vectors. The combined results from TRAIL overexpression and interfering in DSC demonstrated that TRAIL is capable of markedly inhibiting DSC proliferation by blocking most of cells at G0/G1 phase, meanwhile the apoptosis rate of DSC was notably increased.