Lipid metabolism is tightly regulated at the cellular level, in addition to classic transcriptional regulation of cholesterol metabolism (e.g. by SREBP and LXR). Members of a class of non-coding RNAs termed microRNAs have recently been identified to be potent post-transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism genes, including metabolisms of cholesterol, triglyceride, and fatty acid. Several reports have recently shown that miR-33 regulates cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis by downregulating the expression of the ABC transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1. Moreover, miR-33 also inhibits the translation of several transcriptional regulating proteins for fatty acid β-oxidation, including CPT1A, CROT, and HADHB, thereby inhibiting fatty acid degradation. In addition, miR-33 may regulates triglyceride metabolism through negatively regulating the activity of AMPK and RIP140. Other microRNAs including miR-122, miR-370, miR-125a-5p, miR-27 and miR-320 have been shown to play important roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, triglyceride, fatty acid metabolism and lipogenesis. The current progress of the microRNAs, especially miR-33, in regulating lipid metabolism were summarized.