State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
This work was supported by grants from National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB964600, 2015CB964800, 2012CB966800), The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA01020309), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371100, 91332105, 31400937, 31400939, 31400938), Newton Advanced Fellowship of Royal Society and the Thousand Young Talents Program of China to X.W
Changes of cerebral cortex size and brain volume have experienced evolutionary expansion across mammals, which is the cellular base of neuronal network complexity. The existence of cortex folding, allowing huge area of cortex to fit into a relatively small cranial space, is one of important evolutionary features in primate. The adult human CNS contains approximately 86.1 billion neurons and equal number of glial cells. Among which, human cerebral cortex consists of roughly 16.34 billion neurons. Based on algorithm analysis, approximately 3.86 million projection (excitatory/pyramidal) neurons are generated per hour during prenatal cortical neurogenesis in human. Such an incredible fast speed of neurogenesis suggests that human neocortex development requires strictly organized molecular regulations and cellular processes. Here we discuss the molecular and cellular characteristics of mammalian cerebral cortex expansion and the related disease.
WU Qian, LI Rui, SUN Le, LIU Jing, FANG Ai, LIU Wen-Su, LI Long, YANG Meng, WANG Xiao-Qun.Review: Neocortical Expansion and Neurodevelopmental Disease[J]. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics,2016,43(4):389-397
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