Mitochondria are important intracellular organelles that not only provide energy for cellular activities via oxidative phosphorylation, but also closely associated with some important biological processes, including cell metabolism, stress signaling induction, calcium homeostasis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis．Mitochondrial dysfunction will lead to tumor development, growth, invasion and metastasis．Mitochondrial quality control system has become a key mechanism that maintains the normal function of the mitochondria, which is mainly composed of organellar and molecular control．Organellar quality control was coordinately modulated by mitochondrial fusion/fission, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis．Meanwhile, molecular quality control was regulated by mitochondrial molecular chaperones and mitochondrial unfolded protein response to achieve mitochondrial protein homeostasis．In normal circumstances, mitochondrial quality control system limits the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and maintains mitochondrial quantity, morphology and protein function in stable state, which was called mitochondrial homeostasis．If the mitochondrial homeostasis is impaired, increased number of injured mitochondria in cells will lead to the disturbance of intracellular homeostasis and induce malignant transformation of normal cells．