Organoid can make up for the deficiency of cell models and animal models commonly used in traditional research. And it also provides an important experimental basis for the study of key functional studies of living organisms. At the present stage, organoid model has become a hot research field and is of great significance in disease mechanism research, drug screening, regenerative medicine, and biomedical material evaluation. In this paper, the research of organoids in the past 10 years is reviewed. It summarizes the development history and research status of organoid research, and also focuses on the main research fields of organoids. In addition, this paper mainly analyzes the key scientific issues in the study of organoids and propose ideas for organoid in biomedicine, regenerative medicine and precise treatment of diseases.