In previous understanding, microorganism was considered to be separated and living independently in the environment. However, recent studies have demonstrated that microorganism was capable of communicating intraspecific, interspecific, or even with other organisms in multiple ways. These communications are performed by specific signaling molecules, which we called microbial language. By using these microbial languages, microorganism in a specific ecological niche builds variety of interactions with their neighboring individuals or populations, such as cooperation, competition, and resource sharing, or even react to complex outer environment by coordinating group behaviors. With the profound modern molecular biology study of natural microbial community, researchers gradually accessed a clear and comprehensive understanding to microbial communication. In this review, we tried to summarize the signal substances (such as quorum sensing, quorum quenching, antibiotics, etc.) and communication methods used by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, and discussed the impact of these communication languages ??on the interaction in intraspecies (same microorganisms), interspecies (different microorganisms), and interkingdom communication (microorganisms and hosts). This review is aiming to interpret this interesting cross discipline deeply, to understand the form, mechanism and purpose of microbial communication language better, and to obtain a new approach for the interpretation of microbial behavior and the analysis of ecological events based on chemical ecology.