With the development of synchrotron radiation photon sources (especially the fourth generation of synchrotron radiation light sources), the radiation flux available for experiments is getting higher and higher, and the radiation damage of experimental samples (especially biological macromolecules such as proteins) is getting more and more serious. In the existing synchrotron radiation facilities around the world, the photon flux of SAXS experimental station for protein and other biological macromolecule solutions is basically in the order of 10¹³ cps. At such a high flux, the radiation damage of protein and other biological macromolecule solution samples is very serious in experimental measurement. If there is no effective radiation protection measures, protein solution samples will be damaged by irradiation within the millisecond irradiation time, resulting in the inability to obtain effective experimental data. Radiation damage severely restricts the application of SAXS in protein solution samples. Therefore, it is of great guiding significance for the scattering experiments of protein and other biomolecular solutions to understand the generation mechanism, influencing factors and judgment criteria of radiation damage of protein solution samples, and to effectively reduce the degree of radiation damage or delay the generation time of radiation damage. On the basis of a brief introduction to the basic concepts of irradiation damage mechanism, influencing factors, and irradiation dose of biomolecular solution samples, this paper summarizes the criteria and protective measures of radiation damage in synchrotron radiation SAXS experiments. In addition, this paper also compares the advantages and disadvantages of various protective measures, discusses the available acquisition time of SAXS-beamline scattering data on the high energy photon source (HEPS) under construction, and points out that the protective agents of irradiation damage are a valuable research direction.