Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment, which seriously endangers the health of patients, and imposes a heavy burden on the patient’s family and society. Therefore, it is of great significance to study its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Recently, the research on a therapeutic protocol of 40 Hz light flicker stimulation by regulating the activity of γ rhythmic neural oscillations has made preliminary progress in AD animal models and patients, and it is expected to become an alternative solution for clinical treatment and prevention of AD in the future. And, the therapy has received widespread attention from researchers. This paper presents a 40 Hz light flicker stimulation protocol for AD, and reviews recent reports on improving the cognitive performance of AD animal models and patients, as well as the progress of mechanism research. The 40 Hz light flicker stimulation effectively enhanced the power of γ oscillatory in the visual cortex and cognitively related brain regions such as the hippocampal prefrontal cortex. In the study of cognitive behavior, the 40 Hz light flicker stimulation effectively improved the performance of AD animal models and achieved preliminary satisfactory results in AD patients. The potential mechanism may be that the 40 Hz light flicker stimulation reduces Aβ and tau levels, decreases microglia-mediated inflammatory responses, enhances the expression of genes and proteins, and promotes synaptic transmission and intracellular transport in neurons, resulting in improved pathological characteristics of AD. Meanwhile, the limitations of this protocol are discussed and prospects are made to provide support for the future development of physical therapy for cognitive disorders such as AD.