Neurons are polarized cells with cell body, a network of dendrites, and elongated axons with branches and endings. To maintain normal physiological function of neurons throughout the lifetime of vertebrates, a lot of energy is needed to maintain resting potential and synaptic transmission of neurons. Neurons rely primarily on oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria to produce ATP for energy. Healthy mitochondria were transport and anchor to energy-consuming regions such as axon branches and presynaptic endings, while retrograde old or damaged mitochondria to the cell body for elimination from axon terminal. In this paper, based on my own research, we will discuss how the mitochondria overcome the resistance to the long distance transport in neuronal axon under the driving force from the point of view of mechanics. These novel views will provide important references for understanding the neurological diseases caused by mitochondrial transport disorders.