Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent genitourinary cancer in men globally. The primary clinical treatment options for PCa are surgery, endocrine therapy, radiation, and chemotherapy. The nano-drug delivery device provides improved tumor targeting and controlled release features. The capacity to passively target tumors via greater permeability and retention (EPR) and increased active targeting by modification of antibodies, peptides, aptamers, or small molecules to identify particular organ or cell receptors can give further advanced benefits. The design, assembly, and surface modification of nano-drug delivery devices confer different therapeutic effects in malignancies. Organic such as micelles, nanogels and dendrimers and inorganic such as carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, mesoporous dioxide silicon nanoparticles, and quantum dots nanocarriers are the most common forms of nanocarriers. Traditional prostate cancer therapies include drawbacks such as adverse effects, minimal effectiveness, and inadequate absorption. Chemotherapy can result in the development of drug resistance in prostate cancer, hence the development of new, effective, customized therapies is essential. Because of their intrinsic nanoscale features, nano-drug delivery systems, such as nano-delivery systems paired with chemotherapy, radiation, photodynamic treatment, and hyperthermia, can increase the therapeutic benefits of conventional therapeutic agents. Such therapies have the potential to significantly increase the survival rate of prostate cancer patients. This article discusses sophisticated nano-drug delivery technologies for PCa treatment, as well as its future potential.