Telomeres are unique DNA-protein complexes at the terminals of chromosomes that play a critical role in protecting chromosomal integrity and in maintaining cellular replicative potential. Telomerase is a specialized reverse transcriptase, composed of both RNA and protein subunits, that elongates telomeric repeats. The changes in telomere length and telomerase activity are closely linked to cell aging and carcinogenesis. Telomere binding-protein may regulate telomere length by regulating telomerase activity, and then control cell aging, immortalization and carcinogenesis.The development of specific telomerase inhibitors will have broad prospect in the aspect of tumor therapy.