The mechanisms of regulating stem cells self-renewal is one of the most important issues in stem cell biology. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to renew themselves and to differentiate into all lineages of the blood but, the mechanism that control HSCs self-renewal remain unclear. Most researches showed it was controled by the signal and growth factors from the microenvironment and the cell-autonomous components. The wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in this process. The HSCs self-renewal, the mechanism, the role of wnt signaling pathway and the perspectives of application and research in this field are discussed.