For a long time, it has been an intriguing but unresolved question whether the immune system, especially thymus derived T lymphocytes, can recognize and eliminate randomly occurring neoplastic cells, known as “Immunosurveillance”. With the development of biology and transgenic technology, scientists have in recent years found that deficiency of either IFN-γ or T cells in knockout mice increases their sensitivity to methylcholanthrene-induced tumorigenesis. This has been hailed as the “ Renaissance” of cancer immunosurveillance in the field of immunology. Nevertheless, different views have also been raised claiming that there is still no new evidence for the specific immune response-mediated surveillance against cancer cells. A brief review of the different opinions on this topic is given.