Aquaporins (AQP) are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane. In order to detect the expression of AQP_1～10 mRNA in the human pleural mesothelial cells, culture reproducible model of human pleural mesothelial cells was established in vitro.The value of aquaporin water channels was investigated in pleural fluid dynamics. Mesothelial cells were isolated from pleural effusion fluid of nonmalignant pleural effusion patients and cultured in vitro. The mesothelial cells were identified by morphology and streptomyces protein-peroxidase(S-P) procedure. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of AQP_1～10 mRNA in human pleural mesothelial cells. Establishment of culture reproducible model achieved success of human pleural mesothelial cells in vitro. Immunocytochemistry revealed that cytokeratin and vimentin expressed positive, VⅢ factor associated antigen and CD₄₅ was negtive. Confluent human pleural mesothelial cells appeared multipolar and like cabblestone.Under electron microscopy numerous surface microvilli and abundant endoplasmic reticulum were observed. The cells was identified that it was mesothelial cells. The cells isolated from human pleural effusion fluid have higher purity quotient . RT-PCR studies showed that all of the AQP_1～10 mRNA expressed in mesothelial cells. AQP₁, AQP₉, AQP₁₀ mRNA have abundant expression in mesothelial cells and significant deviation was found between AQP₁, AQP₉, AQP₁₀ and AQP₂, AQP₃, AQP₇, AQP₈. Human pleural mesothelial cells expressed AQP_1～10 mRNA, all of them have relation with the function of human pleural mesothelial cells. It was confirmed that mesothelial cells have important contribution in pleural fluid dynamics. Aquaporins (AQP) are involved in rapid and active gating of water across biological membranes.Expression of aquaporins was intervened, new treat method may be found of pleural effusion.