Biotechnology is a rapidly expanding field of science and technology to change our life. It has been realized that strategic alliance is an important mode for technology transfer from biomedical research to the industry. Appropriate mechanisms of Industry-Academe-Research Institute strategic alliance have been built in major developed countries, significantly propelling the growth of biotechnology industry. Such advanced cooperation mode has been recently gained increasing concerns by China government. However, strategic alliance in China is in its preliminary stage with very small scale and inadequate functionality, its expected benefits are still far from significant. In this paper, we first review the development and management of effective strategic alliances in some leading countries; we then examine the successful mode of strategic alliances that is performing in USA, and identify the difficulties of China’s strategic alliance development based on its current progress. The future development of biomedical strategic alliances in China is discussed.