Glycation of nucleotides, proteins and phospholipids contributes to the development of late diabetic complications, including the most debilitating one——diabetic neuropathy. Reactive intermediates of AGE formation such as glyoxal, methylglyoxal (MG) and other dicarbonyls are detoxified by the glyoxalase-system. However little is known about the regulation and nature of the mechanisms underlying neuropathology. Therefore we decided to focus on the role of MG-glyoxalase 1 (GLO-1) system in modulation of painful diabetic neuropathy.