Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder, the incidence of it in the whole life of Chinese is about 6.55‰. Exploring the language cognition is of great assistance in the diagnosis and therapy in schizophrenia. In this paper, the authors reviewed the advances of schizophrenia studies at behavioral and neural levels (event-related potentials (ERP)，functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)). There were a battery of researches about schizophrenia in west countries using alphabetic language as their mother tongue, several theories about language impairment have been created. Particularly, the strong correlation between auditory hallucination and language processing related brain regions (Wernicke's area) was identified by many studies. However, the studies about Chinese schizophrenia are relatively rare since it started relatively later. The authors pointed out that it was greatly necessary to strengthen the researches of Chinese schizophrenia, not only for understanding the characteristics of language cognition of this disorder, but also for providing new scientific basis of diagnosis and therapy in the Chinese schizophrenia.