Bcl-2-modifying factor (BMF) is a member of the BH3-only family of proapoptotic proteins. Under physiological conditions, BMF is sequestered to the cytoskeleton by association with dynein light chains 2, which prevents BMF to induce cell apoptosis. Some damage stimuli can release BMF from the cytoskeleton, allowing it to translocate to mitochondria and initiate mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The proapoptotic activity of BMF is regulated at the transcriptional, translational and posttranslational levels. The upregulated and overexpressed BMF is also located predominantly in mitochondrial membranes that is consistent with its ability to induce cell death. Therefore, BMF is a powerful inducer of apoptosis.