Breast cancer is a malignant tumor which can seriously endanger women"s health. The detection of its pathogenic genes is helpful for the early detection, accurate treatment and prognosis evaluation of the tumor. This paper summarizes the hot biomarkers related to breast cancer in recent years and reviews the molecular diagnostic techniques, detection methods and applications of related genes. The development of digital PCR in molecular detection of breast cancer was reviewed for the first time. The advantages and disadvantages of different molecular diagnostic techniques were comprehensively compared in this paper. It provides a guidance for the detection of oncogenes in breast cancer, and makes a forecast for future trends.