In recent years, the abuse of antibiotics has caused the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, which is now widely spread around the world. It is currently a critical issue that seriously threats to human health due to the lack of effective clinical drugs to treat the multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. With such a serious shortage of drugs and means for clinical treatment against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, it is urgently needed to develop new antibacterial drugs, especially those molecules possessing new mechanisms of action to combat the drug-resistant bacteria. Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z（FtsZ）is an essential protein for bacterial division and has been one of the most popular targets for new drug discovery. FtsZ is a highly conserved protein and it plays a key role in cell division in most prokaryotic cells. In this article, we reviewed the structural characteristics and biological functions of bacterial cell division proteins and the recent research progress on antibacterial drugs development targeting FtsZ.