Alzheimer"s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and the formation of hyperphosphorylated tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, the current clinical drugs for the treatment of AD can only temporarily improve cognition, and cannot prevent and/ or reverse the pathological process. More and more studies have confirmed that long-term moderate aerobic exercise, as a healthy and feasible form of exercise, can eliminate Aβ deposition and reduce hyperphosphorylated Tau protein as well as alleviate AD symptoms of neural plasticity, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Therefore, aerobic exercise is considered as an effective strategy to prevent or delay AD. This article elucidates the pathological mechanism of aerobic exercise ameliorates AD and in the hope of providing a new strategy to prevent and treat AD.