Blast wave can cause injury to human lungs, eardrums, gastrointestinal tract, brain and other organs. The lungs, eardrums, and air-containing gastrointestinal tract are more likely to cause damage. The study of explosive injury mechanism is of great significance to the treatment and protection of explosive injury and the design of explosive devices. Pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and air embolism are the main causes of explosive trauma death. Regarding the problem of explosive lung injury, the existing research in the macro aspect mainly involves several aspects such as explosion wave and animal experiments, mechanical models and numerical finite element simulation. In order to better understand the mechanism of blast injury, the mechanical process of the impact of the shock wave and microstructure should be studied. In this paper, the damage of DPPC(dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) membrane caused by shock wave is studied by using all-atomic molecular dynamics. The impulse of shock wave is controlled by stopping the piston, and the critical impulse of membrane damage caused by shock wave is discussed. We observed the distribution of phospholipid molecules and surrounding water molecules after the shock wave passed through the membrane under different impulses. It was found that as the impulse increased, the membrane became more and more disordered, the folds were more severe, and more and more water molecules in the hydrophobic area. The membrane impact process is divided into three stages, namely the impact stage, recovery stage and after-effect stage. When the impulse is greater than 153 mPa s, the damage of the membrane is not recovered during the impact.