The hybrid systems of semiconductor materials and oxidation-reduction enzymes have become a research hotpot in recent years, providing new ideas and directions for industrial production, environmental management and other fields. In this paper, we systematically introduce the hybrid system of semiconductors and oxidation-reduction enzymes in three aspects: the selection of semiconductors, the application of enzymes in the system and the types of sacrificial agents. Moreover, the characteristics and the uses of each component are also summarized and analyzed in this paper. We also introduce the compositions and reaction characteristics of different hybrid systems, by taking “semiconductor-nitrogenase” hybrid system, “semiconductor-hydrogenase” hybrid system and “semiconductor-CO₂ reductase /CO dehydrogenase” hybrid system as examples. Besides, we briefly describe the working process and two different electron transfer pathways of the hybrid system, the direct pathway of “sacrificial agent-semiconductor-enzyme” and indirect pathway of “sacrificial agent-semiconductor-intermedia-enzyme” Finally, we summarize some limitations in the past research, such as the toxicity of semiconductor materials and the low electronic utilization efficiency, we propose new prospects and research directions in bionic organelle and optimization of the reaction chain.