Aptamers, as novel recognition molecules, have great potential in the field of analysis and detection. Steroid hormones are a kind of hormones with cyclopentane polyhydrophene as the mother nucleus, including sex hormones and corticosteroids, which have extremely important medical value in maintaining life and regulating physiological state. It is of great significance to monitor the content of steroids in vivo and in vitro for disease monitoring and environmental protection. The aptamer isolation of steroid hormones is the prerequisite for the application of aptamers to the analysis and detection of steroidal hormones. So far researchers have isolated aptamers for estrogens such as estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), androgens such as testosterone (TES) and nortestosterone, and progesterone (P4) and corticosteroids such as cortisol (COR). This paper summarizes the isolation principles and strategies of the reported steroid hormone aptamers. The aptamer sequence, equilibrium dissociation constants (K_D) and determination methods are summarized briefly. The new ideas of computer simulation technology in aptamer isolation and optimization are introduced. The various steroid hormone aptamer sensors developed at present are briefly introduced in order to provide reference for the follow-up research.