1.南京航空航天大学机电学院;2.南京航空航天大学伦敦国际学院;3.三江学院机械与电气工程学院;4.上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院;5.上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院麻醉科
TH772
国家自然科学基金(62271251,62471225),中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(YG2025LC05),科技部国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2404800)和上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院院级临床创新项目(24XHCR02B)。
1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics;2.London International College, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics;3.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanjiang University;4.School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology;5.Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
This work was supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62271251, 62471225), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YG2025LC05), the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2022YFC2404800), and the Hospital Funded Clinical Research of Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (24XHCR02B).
目的 设计一款面向区域肺通气分析的可穿戴多频电阻抗断层成像(multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography,mfEIT)系统,并初步验证其在肺通气模型和佩戴条件下获取区域相对通气信息的可行性。方法 基于Cortex-M7微控制器构建16电极可穿戴mfEIT系统。系统采用宽带镜像恒流源产生多频正弦激励信号,通过高速差分采集电路获取边界电压,并利用离散傅里叶变换 (discrete Fourier transform,DFT)和无限冲激响应 (infinite impulse response,IIR)滤波对电压信号进行预处理。处理后的数据经蓝牙传输至上位机,并基于EIDORS完成EIT图像重建。进一步提取感兴趣区域内的相对通气信号,建立相对流速-容积环,用于描述区域肺通气动态变化。通过肺通气模型实验评估系统的信号采集性能、归一化肺容积参数提取能力和左右肺通气不均识别能力,并开展单名健康受试者佩戴条件下的连续采集演示,以观察系统在实际佩戴场景下连续记录相对通气变化的能力。结果 该系统可实现1 kHz至500 kHz范围内的多频激励,完整边界电压帧的总采集率最高可达40 fps;在四频逐帧轮询模式下,每个激励频率对应的有效采集率约为10 fps。在1 mA激励条件下,系统在500 kHz激励带宽内平均信噪比均保持在42 dB以上,其中180 kHz时平均信噪比达到61.4 dB,连续采集过程中的总电压波动低于1%。在肺通气模型实验中,mfEIT提取的归一化潮气量、归一化深吸气储备量和归一化呼气储备量与双向流量计结果的误差分别为5.24%、10.31%和9.29%。在左右肺通气不均模拟实验中,EIT测得右肺相对肺活量为左肺的54.76%,与流量计测量结果相比误差为3.53%。单名受试者佩戴演示结果显示,系统能够分离不同激励频率下的相对肺通气信号,并可在静坐、轻度运动和站立过程中连续记录相对潮气量及呼吸周期变化。结论 本文设计的可穿戴mfEIT系统具有较宽的激励频率范围、较高的边界电压采集帧率和较稳定的边界电压采集性能,能够在模型条件下识别区域通气差异,并在佩戴条件下连续记录相对肺通气变化。该系统为多频EIT在区域相对肺通气动态监测中的应用提供了一种小型化技术方案。
Objective To design a wearable multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography (mfEIT) system for regional lung ventilation analysis and to preliminarily evaluate its feasibility for acquiring regional relative ventilation information in a lung ventilation model and under wearable conditions.Methods A 16-electrode wearable mfEIT system was developed based on a Cortex-M7 microcontroller. Multi-frequency sinusoidal excitation signals were generated using a wideband mirror constant current source, and boundary voltages were acquired through a high-speed differential acquisition circuit. The voltage signals were preprocessed using target-bin discrete Fourier transform (DFT) demodulation and fourth-order infinite impulse response (IIR) low-pass filtering and were then transmitted to a personal computer (PC) via Bluetooth. EIT image reconstruction was performed using EIDORS. Relative ventilation signals were further extracted from the region of interest (ROI), and relative flow-volume loops were constructed to describe dynamic changes in regional lung ventilation. A lung ventilation model experiment was conducted to assess the signal acquisition performance, normalized lung volume parameter extraction, and the identification of uneven ventilation between the left and right lungs. Both matched ventilation and left–right uneven ventilation conditions were established to examine whether the reconstructed images and regional signals could reflect controlled differences in ventilation distribution. A continuous acquisition demonstration under wearable conditions was further performed by a single healthy participant to observe the ability of the system to continuously record relative ventilation changes in a practical wearable setting.Results The system achieved multi-frequency excitation over a range of 1 kHz to 500 kHz. The maximum aggregate acquisition rate of complete boundary-voltage frames was 40 fps, with each complete frame comprising 208 valid voltage measurements acquired at one excitation frequency. Under four-frequency frame-by-frame scanning, the effective acquisition rate was approximately 10 fps for each excitation frequency. Under a 1 mA excitation current, the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remained above 42 dB within the 500 kHz excitation bandwidth, and reached 61.4 dB at 180 kHz. The total voltage fluctuation during continuous acquisition was less than 1%. These results indicated that the system maintained stable boundary-voltage acquisition performance over a wide excitation-frequency range and during continuous operation. In the lung ventilation model experiment, the errors of normalized tidal volume, normalized inspiratory reserve volume, and normalized expiratory reserve volume extracted by mfEIT were 5.24%, 10.31%, and 9.29%, respectively, compared with the bidirectional flowmeter measurements. In the uneven ventilation between the left and right lungs, the relative vital capacity of the right lung measured by EIT was 54.76% of that of the left lung, with an error of 3.53% compared with the flowmeter result. The single-participant wearable demonstration showed that ventilation-related signals could be continuously acquired at the different excitation frequencies and that changes in relative tidal volume, respiratory cycle, and relative flow-volume loop morphology could be tracked during sitting, light exercise, and standing. These observations were descriptive and did not establish diagnostic accuracy or absolute pulmonary-function quantification.Conclusion The developed wearable mfEIT system integrates wideband excitation, rapid boundary-voltage acquisition, embedded signal processing, wireless transmission, EIT reconstruction, and ROI-based functional analysis within a compact platform. Its main contribution is the establishment of an end-to-end pathway that converts multi-frequency electrical measurements into interpretable regional relative ventilation information, enabling ventilation distribution and temporal dynamics to be considered within a unified framework. The model results support the identification of regional ventilation differences, while the single-participant experiment demonstrates the feasibility of continuous wearable acquisition. The system therefore provides a technical basis for continuous regional relative ventilation monitoring. Further comparisons with standard pulmonary-function measurements and reference EIT systems in larger populations are required before clinical assessment or absolute regional pulmonary-function quantification can be considered.
李国郡,陆梓谊,李芳,杨楠楠,陈海俊,毛燕飞,刘凯.用于区域肺通气分析的可穿戴多频电阻抗断层成像系统设计[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,,():
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